2012 Aspirations & reference points

Variations in R&D Investments of Family and Nonfamily Firms: Behavioral Agency and Myopic Loss Aversion Perspectives

James J. Chrisman, Pankaj C. Patel

Academy of Management Journal

Metadata only

Open public record

Generic document type; no canonical identity or publication type is inferred.

Cited by in snapshot: 38
References in snapshot: 7
Global cited by: 1,375

Within this provisional snapshot

Direct citation relationships

Arrows follow the source-record relationship: a reference is an outgoing edge; “cited by” is an incoming edge. This does not adjudicate canonical work identity.

Cited by 38

Risk abatement as a strategy for R&D investments in family firms Pankaj C. Patel, James J. Chrisman · 2013
Long–Term Orientation in Publicly Traded Family Businesses: Evidence of a Dominant Logic Richard J. Gentry, Clay Dibrell, Jaemin Kim · 2014
Strategic reference points in family firms Josip Kotlar et al. · 2014
Profitability Goals, Control Goals, and the R&D Investment Decisions of Family and Nonfamily Firms Josip Kotlar et al. · 2014
Managerial Risk Taking Robert E. Hoskisson et al. · 2016
CEO option wealth and firm risk-taking: An analysis of multiple reference points Elizabeth Lim · 2017
Organizational Goals: Antecedents, Formation Processes, and Implications for Firm Behavior Alfredo De Massis et al. · 2015
A Behavioral Theory of Social Performance: Social Identity and Stakeholder Expectations Robert S. Nason, Sophie Bacq, David Gras · 2017

Show 30 more citing records

Better Safe Than Sorry: Subsidiary Performance Feedback and Internal Governance in Multiunit Firms Metin Sengul, Tomasz Obłój · 2017
The mixed gamble of internationalization in family and nonfamily firms: The moderating role of organizational slack Todd M. Alessandri, Daniele Cerrato, Kimberly Eddleston · 2018
Organizational Goals: Antecedents, Formation Processes and Implications for Firm Behavior and Performance Josip Kotlar et al. · 2018
Stock Return or Sales Growth? Multiple Performance Feedback and Strategic Investments Under Securities Analysts’ Earnings Pressure Yu Zhang, Yan Gong · 2018
Deviant versus Aspirational Risk Taking: The Effects of Performance Feedback on Bribery Expenditure and R&D Intensity Dean Xu, Kevin Zheng Zhou, Fei Du · 2018
How negative aspiration performance gaps affect innovation efficiency Montserrat Manzaneque Lizano et al. · 2018
How does inconsistent negative performance feedback affect the R&D investments of firms? A study of publicly listed firms David Diwei Lv et al. · 2019
Organizational responses to performance feedback: A meta-analytic review Serhan Kotiloglu, Yan Chen, Thomas Lechler · 2019
Firm Acquisitions by Family Firms: A Mixed Gamble Approach Katrin Hussinger, Abdul-Basit Issah · 2019
Goal complexity in family firm diversification: Evidence from China Junsheng Dou et al. · 2020
Performance Feedback Persistence: Comparative Effects of Historical Versus Peer Performance Feedback on Innovative Search Yang Ye, Wei Yu, Robert S. Nason · 2020
Motivation and Ability? A Behavioral Perspective on the Pursuit of Radical Invention in Multi-Technology Incumbents J. P. Eggers, Aseem Kaul · 2017
Social Performance Feedback and Firm Communication Strategy Heli Wang et al. · 2021
How the ghosts of past experience haunt problemistic search Joseph J. Cabral, Dinesh N. Iyer, Jonathan O’Brien · 2023
Self‐Assessment versus Self‐Improvement Motives: How Does Social Reference Group Selection Influence Organizational Responses to Performance Feedback? Daniela Blettner, Serhan Kotiloglu, Thomas Lechler · 2023
Performance below and above aspirations as an antecedent of succession planning in family firms: A socio-emotional wealth mixed gamble approach Ine Umans et al. · 2024
Acquisition Relatedness in Family Firms: Do the Environment and the Institutional Context Matter? Michele Pinelli et al. · 2024
Performance feedback and firms’ strategic actions: a cross-national meta-analysis Shan Xue, Honghui Chen, Jintao Wu · 2023
60th birthday of ‘A Behavioral Theory of the Firm’: a review of the relational concepts and recommendations for future research Moritz Hagen, Wenjia Su, Sebastian Junge · 2023
Organizational Goals, Outcomes, and the Assessment of Performance: Reconceptualizing Success in Management Studies Ruth V. Aguilera et al. · 2023
Is LGBT inclusion motivated by organizational performance? Exploring the relationships between performance feedback and LGBT inclusion in firms Serhan Kotiloglu, Aaron T. McDonald · 2023
Social Comparison Inside Business Groups and Strategic Change: Evidence from Group‐affiliated Chinese Firms Pengcheng Ma, Lin Cui, Dean Xu · 2023
Family Firms’ Shareholder Structure and International Acquisitions: A Differentiated Socioemotional Wealth Approach Andrea Calabrò et al. · 2024
Curse or blessing? Impact of the scope and duration of negative attainment discrepancy on ESG practices Shan Li et al. · 2024
Private firms’ portfolio expansion responses to (in)consistent performance feedback Serhan Kotiloglu, Daniela Blettner, Thomas Lechler · 2024
The Dynamics of Performance Feedback and ESG Disclosure: A Behavioral Theory of the Firm Perspective Richard Yeaw Chong Seow · 2024
The Mixed Gamble of Competitive Dynamics in Family‐Controlled Firms Jaeyoung Cho, Alfredo De Massis, Josip Kotlar · 2025
Patents, trade secrets and performance aspirations in family firms Katrin Hussinger, Wunnam Basit Issah · 2025
Looking back to move forward: social benchmarks and historical performance in CEO turnover Julio A. Pertuzé, Gonzalo Valdés, Tomás Reyes · 2026
Change or stability? A meta-analysis of organizational responses to social and historical performance feedback Stefan Breet, Pursey Heugens, Anna Nadolska · 2025

References 7

A BEHAVIORAL THEORY OF R&D EXPENDITURES AND INNOVATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SHIPBUILDING. Henrich R. Greve · 2003
Aspiration Level Adaptation: An Empirical Exploration Theresa K. Lant · 1992
A Behavioral Agency Model of Managerial Risk Taking Robert M. Wiseman, Luis R. Gómez‐Mejía · 1998
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm—40 Years and Counting: Introduction and Impact Linda Argote, Henrich R. Greve · 2007
Determinants of Firms' Backward- and Forward-Looking R&D Search Behavior Weiru Chen · 2008
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm William J. Baumöl, Richard M. Cyert, J. G. March · 1964
PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK, SLACK, AND THE TIMING OF ACQUISITIONS. Dinesh N. Iyer, Kent D. Miller · 2008

Bounded connected-literature evidence

Why these records are nearby

These are aggregate discovery relationships, not direct citations, identity decisions, recommendations, or a complete neighborhood. Ranks and metrics come unchanged from the engine’s public projection.

Bibliographic coupling

Records that cite some of the same reference targets.

Risk abatement as a strategy for R&D investments in family firms Pankaj C. Patel, James J. Chrisman · 2013

19 shared references · rank 1 of 292

Shared references
19
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
39
Cosine
0.312
Jaccard
0.165
Selected rank
1 of 292
Strategic reference points in family firms Josip Kotlar et al. · 2014

19 shared references · rank 2 of 292

Shared references
19
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
98
Cosine
0.197
Jaccard
0.109
Selected rank
2 of 292
Profitability Goals, Control Goals, and the R&D Investment Decisions of Family and Nonfamily Firms Josip Kotlar et al. · 2014

17 shared references · rank 3 of 292

Shared references
17
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
93
Cosine
0.181
Jaccard
0.099
Selected rank
3 of 292
Long–Term Orientation in Publicly Traded Family Businesses: Evidence of a Dominant Logic Richard J. Gentry, Clay Dibrell, Jaemin Kim · 2014

17 shared references · rank 4 of 292

Shared references
17
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
106
Cosine
0.169
Jaccard
0.092
Selected rank
4 of 292
Performance Feedback and Firm Risk Taking: The Moderating Effects of CEO and Outside Director Stock Options Elizabeth Lim, Brian T. McCann · 2013

16 shared references · rank 5 of 292

Shared references
16
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
134
Cosine
0.142
Jaccard
0.075
Selected rank
5 of 292
Managerial Risk Taking Robert E. Hoskisson et al. · 2016

16 shared references · rank 6 of 292

Shared references
16
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
317
Cosine
0.092
Jaccard
0.040
Selected rank
6 of 292
CEO option wealth and firm risk-taking: An analysis of multiple reference points Elizabeth Lim · 2017

15 shared references · rank 7 of 292

Shared references
15
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
115
Cosine
0.144
Jaccard
0.077
Selected rank
7 of 292
How negative aspiration performance gaps affect innovation efficiency Montserrat Manzaneque Lizano et al. · 2018

14 shared references · rank 8 of 292

Shared references
14
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
172
Cosine
0.110
Jaccard
0.055
Selected rank
8 of 292
Organizational Goals: Antecedents, Formation Processes and Implications for Firm Behavior and Performance Josip Kotlar et al. · 2018

13 shared references · rank 9 of 292

Shared references
13
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
113
Cosine
0.125
Jaccard
0.067
Selected rank
9 of 292
Executive Stock Options as Mixed Gambles: Revisiting the Behavioral Agency Model Geoffrey Martin, Luis R. Gómez‐Mejía, Robert M. Wiseman · 2013

13 shared references · rank 10 of 292

Shared references
13
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
119
Cosine
0.122
Jaccard
0.065
Selected rank
10 of 292
How does inconsistent negative performance feedback affect the R&D investments of firms? A study of publicly listed firms David Diwei Lv et al. · 2019

12 shared references · rank 11 of 292

Shared references
12
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
102
Cosine
0.122
Jaccard
0.065
Selected rank
11 of 292
Renewing Research on Problemistic Search—A Review and Research Agenda Hart E. Posen et al. · 2017

12 shared references · rank 12 of 292

Shared references
12
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
332
Cosine
0.068
Jaccard
0.029
Selected rank
12 of 292
Momentum and Organizational Risk Taking: Evidence from the National Football League David W. Lehman, Jungpil Hahn · 2012

11 shared references · rank 13 of 292

Shared references
11
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
73
Cosine
0.132
Jaccard
0.070
Selected rank
13 of 292
Firm Acquisitions by Family Firms: A Mixed Gamble Approach Katrin Hussinger, Abdul-Basit Issah · 2019

11 shared references · rank 14 of 292

Shared references
11
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
89
Cosine
0.120
Jaccard
0.064
Selected rank
14 of 292
Social pay reference point, external environment, and risk taking: An integrated behavioral and social psychological view Elizabeth Lim · 2018

11 shared references · rank 15 of 292

Shared references
11
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
95
Cosine
0.116
Jaccard
0.061
Selected rank
15 of 292
The Mixed Gamble of Competitive Dynamics in Family‐Controlled Firms Jaeyoung Cho, Alfredo De Massis, Josip Kotlar · 2025

11 shared references · rank 16 of 292

Shared references
11
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
111
Cosine
0.107
Jaccard
0.056
Selected rank
16 of 292
How Firms Make Information Technology Investment Decisions: Toward a Behavioral Agency Theory John Qi Dong et al. · 2021

11 shared references · rank 17 of 292

Shared references
11
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
130
Cosine
0.099
Jaccard
0.051
Selected rank
17 of 292
Goal complexity in family firm diversification: Evidence from China Junsheng Dou et al. · 2020

11 shared references · rank 18 of 292

Shared references
11
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
139
Cosine
0.096
Jaccard
0.049
Selected rank
18 of 292
Organizational Aspirations, Reference Points, and Goals George A. Shinkle · 2011

11 shared references · rank 19 of 292

Shared references
11
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
157
Cosine
0.090
Jaccard
0.046
Selected rank
19 of 292
Acquisition Relatedness in Family Firms: Do the Environment and the Institutional Context Matter? Michele Pinelli et al. · 2024

10 shared references · rank 20 of 292

Shared references
10
This record reference degree
95
Neighbor reference degree
137
Cosine
0.088
Jaccard
0.045
Selected rank
20 of 292

Co-citation

Records cited together by the same public-snapshot records.

A BEHAVIORAL THEORY OF R&D EXPENDITURES AND INNOVATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SHIPBUILDING. Henrich R. Greve · 2003

26 shared citing records · rank 1 of 134

Shared citing records
26
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
175
Cosine
0.319
Jaccard
0.139
Selected rank
1 of 134
Performance, Aspirations, and Risky Organizational Change Henrich R. Greve · 1998

24 shared citing records · rank 2 of 134

Shared citing records
24
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
241
Cosine
0.251
Jaccard
0.094
Selected rank
2 of 134
The Behavioral Theory of the Firm: Assessment and Prospects Giovanni Gavetti et al. · 2012

21 shared citing records · rank 3 of 134

Shared citing records
21
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
110
Cosine
0.325
Jaccard
0.165
Selected rank
3 of 134
A Behavioral Theory of Firm Growth: Sequential Attention to Size and Performance Goals Henrich R. Greve · 2008

21 shared citing records · rank 4 of 134

Shared citing records
21
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
119
Cosine
0.312
Jaccard
0.154
Selected rank
4 of 134
Less Likely to Fail: Low Performance, Firm Size, and Factory Expansion in the Shipbuilding Industry Pino G. Audia, Henrich R. Greve · 2006

21 shared citing records · rank 5 of 134

Shared citing records
21
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
125
Cosine
0.305
Jaccard
0.148
Selected rank
5 of 134
Dancing with Strangers: Aspiration Performance and the Search for Underwriting Syndicate Partners Joel A. C. Baum et al. · 2005

19 shared citing records · rank 6 of 134

Shared citing records
19
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
133
Cosine
0.267
Jaccard
0.125
Selected rank
6 of 134
Determinants of Firms' Backward- and Forward-Looking R&D Search Behavior Weiru Chen · 2008

18 shared citing records · rank 7 of 134

Shared citing records
18
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
93
Cosine
0.303
Jaccard
0.159
Selected rank
7 of 134
PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK, SLACK, AND THE TIMING OF ACQUISITIONS. Dinesh N. Iyer, Kent D. Miller · 2008

17 shared citing records · rank 8 of 134

Shared citing records
17
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
86
Cosine
0.297
Jaccard
0.159
Selected rank
8 of 134
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm Richard H. Day et al. · 1964

17 shared citing records · rank 9 of 134

Shared citing records
17
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
116
Cosine
0.256
Jaccard
0.124
Selected rank
9 of 134
Situational and institutional determinants of firms' R&D search intensity Weiru Chen, Kent D. Miller · 2007

17 shared citing records · rank 10 of 134

Shared citing records
17
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
117
Cosine
0.255
Jaccard
0.123
Selected rank
10 of 134
All Aspirations are not Created Equal: The Differential Effects of Historical and Social Aspirations on Acquisition Behavior Ji‐Yub Kim, Sydney Finkelstein, Jerayr Haleblian · 2014

16 shared citing records · rank 11 of 134

Shared citing records
16
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
55
Cosine
0.350
Jaccard
0.208
Selected rank
11 of 134
Organizational Aspirations, Reference Points, and Goals George A. Shinkle · 2011

16 shared citing records · rank 12 of 134

Shared citing records
16
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
89
Cosine
0.275
Jaccard
0.144
Selected rank
12 of 134
Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback Henrich R. Greve · 2003

16 shared citing records · rank 13 of 134

Shared citing records
16
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
192
Cosine
0.187
Jaccard
0.075
Selected rank
13 of 134
Driven by aspirations, but in what direction? Performance shortfalls, slack resources, and resource‐consuming vs. resource‐freeing organizational change Pasi Kuusela, Thomas Keil, Markku Maula · 2016

15 shared citing records · rank 14 of 134

Shared citing records
15
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
62
Cosine
0.309
Jaccard
0.176
Selected rank
14 of 134
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm—40 Years and Counting: Introduction and Impact Linda Argote, Henrich R. Greve · 2007

15 shared citing records · rank 15 of 134

Shared citing records
15
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
75
Cosine
0.281
Jaccard
0.153
Selected rank
15 of 134
Performance Feedback, Slack, and The Timing of Acquisitions Dinesh N. Iyer, Kent D. Miller · 2008

14 shared citing records · rank 16 of 134

Shared citing records
14
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
56
Cosine
0.303
Jaccard
0.175
Selected rank
16 of 134
Renewing Research on Problemistic Search—A Review and Research Agenda Hart E. Posen et al. · 2017

14 shared citing records · rank 17 of 134

Shared citing records
14
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
94
Cosine
0.234
Jaccard
0.119
Selected rank
17 of 134
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm William J. Baumöl, Richard M. Cyert, J. G. March · 1964

14 shared citing records · rank 18 of 134

Shared citing records
14
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
140
Cosine
0.192
Jaccard
0.085
Selected rank
18 of 134
Risk abatement as a strategy for R&D investments in family firms Pankaj C. Patel, James J. Chrisman · 2013

12 shared citing records · rank 19 of 134

Shared citing records
12
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
15
Cosine
0.503
Jaccard
0.293
Selected rank
19 of 134
Reciprocity and R&D search: Applying the behavioral theory of the firm to a communitarian context Jonathan O’Brien, Parthiban David · 2013

12 shared citing records · rank 20 of 134

Shared citing records
12
This record citer degree
38
Neighbor citer degree
31
Cosine
0.350
Jaccard
0.211
Selected rank
20 of 134

Rows require at least 2 shared references or shared citing records, as applicable, and are capped at 20 neighbors per record and relation type. See definitions, ranking, and limits.